Effect of the structure of smooth copper surfaces on the accuracy of determination of the optical constants of copper

The accuracy of determination of the optical constants of smooth copper surfaces produced by different technologies is analyzed, with particular attention paid to the consideration of the influence of scattered radiation (which is ignored by many authors) on the retrieval of the optical constants of copper surfaces from reflected radiation. The neglect of scattered radiation can lead to errors as high as 50% in determining the optical constants for bulk copper. For thin films, the errors are much lower. The influence of surface oxidation during measurements in air and surface features of studied objects on the parameters to be determined is analyzed as well. It is shown that errors in determination of the constants are maximal in the plasma resonance region of copper.

     

Selective photorefractive scattering in LiNbO<Subscript>3</Subscript>:Rh crystals

Photorefractive scattering occurs in rhodium-doped lithium niobate crystals irradiated by coherent light. The photorefractive scattering has both wide-angle and selective components. The results of experimental investigation of selective photorefractive scattering in LiNbO₃:Rh crystals and calculation of the spatial structure of scattering are reported. The selective scattering is regarded as a kind of a frequency-degenerate fourwave vector interaction.     

Synthesis of broadband interference filters: II. Suppression of high reflection bands of the fourth,fifth, and sixth orders

The spectral properties of multilayer interference systems formed by multiple replication of the symmetric ternary period ABCBA are investigated. The problem of synthesis of structures with suppression of adjacent bands of high reflection of the fourth, fifth, and sixth orders among their spectral characteristics is solved. It is shown that there are only six variants of selection of the optical thicknesses of layers in a period. When the high reflection bands of the fourth, fifth, and sixth orders are suppressed, the high reflection band of the first order remains in only four cases. The values of refractive indices of layers for which the problem hasa solution are found. The refractive indices of layers in all six cases are described by different relations determining the dependence of the refractive index of one of the components on arbitrarily selected refractive indices of the other two components.     

Influence of seeded impurities on the fusion reactor operation

In order to study the influence of seeded impurities on ITER like reactor operation the COREDIV code has been extended to include the transport of several sputtered and/or injected impurities. In the COREDIV code the core plasma is treated in the frame of 1D radial transport model whereas in the edge the 2D multifluid code EPIT is used. The EPIT code solves in the slab geometry the MHD equations for densities and velocities for all ions species as well as for electron and ion temperatures. The iteration scheme in the code leads to steady state solution of coupled core and SOL system. The numerical results for Carbon and Nickel plate and seeded impurities Silicon and Neon are presented.     

A novel approach to the acoustic characterisation of porous road surfaces

Porous road surfaces offer an effective means of reducing the generation and propagation of noise from road traffic. However, the porosity of these surfaces can deteriorate over time, leading to a reduction in their noise reducing properties. Efficient methods are therefore required for monitoring this performance. Existing techniques for performing in-situ measurements of acoustic absorption are unsuitable for use within the traffic stream. Static measurements using time domain Maximum Length Sequence (MLS) based techniques have been demonstrated to offer advantages over traditional techniques, presenting the opportunity for measurements under dynamic conditions. This paper describes the design of a system for carrying out dynamic MLS-based measurements. Results are presented which demonstrate that stable dynamic measurements can be carried out at speeds of up to 30 km/h.     

On one-port characterization of noise sources in ducts by using external loads

Equivalent acoustic source characterization of duct-borne fluid machinery noise is often undertaken by interpolating the results of two-microphone pressure measurements with different external acoustic loads over a linear one-port source model. If the source is time-invariant, the one-port source characteristics can be determined by using only two external loads. This is well known as the two-load method. An extension of the two-load method for time-variant sources is also available and known as the multiple-load method. In these methods the source is treated as a ‘black-box’. This paper addresses the problem of one-port source characterization when the linear operations inherent in the ‘black-box’ are known explicitly. The equations governing the explicit one-port source models are derived and the source characteristics are shown to be measurable using only few acoustic loads. It is not the purpose of this paper to discuss the application of these models to any specific fluid machinery; however, of particular interest are the explicit source models that require only two loads. Numerical results are presented to show some features of such time-invariant and time-variant explicit one-port source models.     

Liquid Ion-Selective Electrodes for Determining Nonionic Surfactants

It was shown that nonionic surfactants (NS) can be determined by potentiometry using liquid NS-selective electrodes. The effect of medium acidity and foreign substances on the operation of liquid NS-selective electrodes was studied. Some properties of NS-selective electrodes were determined.     

A note on strong β-I-sets and strongly β-I-continuous functions

Summary In [6], we introduced and investigated the notions of strong β-I-open sets and strong β-I-continuous functions in ideal topological spaces. In this paper, we investigate further their important properties.     

Pressure Stabilization Method for Steady Viscous Flows in a System of Pipes

This paper deals with a singular perturbation of the stationary Stokes and Navier-Stokes systems. The term ε²Δp is added to the continuity equation, where ε is a small parameter. For a domain with cylindrical outlets to infinity and exponentially decaying data, existence and uniqueness of solutions under flux conditions at infinity are established for the linear problem and also for the nonlinear problem in the case of small data. Asymptotically exact estimates are proved for ε tending to zero. For sufficiently regular data, these estimates imply the convergence in H _loc ^5/2−δ for the velocity parts and in H _loc ^3/2−δ for the pressure parts, respectively. Bibliography: 17 titles.Dedicated to V. A. Solonnikov on the occasion of his 70th birthday__________Published in Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 306, 2003, pp. 107–133.